As fired coal is the coal entering the boiler system. The historical data must be verified and categorized based on the electricity output generation. Plant benefits added plant and micro plant added comparative costs of supplying washed coal of various ash contents at quantities required to provide equivalent heat of base raw coal to varying distances from the pithead clean product ash content range 30% raw coal 40. Pollution from coal fired power plants can be hazardous to the health of those living nearby. Before starting the plant, check which of the equipment is available and accordingly plan an appropriate path for the movement of coal. The performance of the boiler and power plant is based on the as fired coal properties. Green growth and coal in india 9 hpgcl haryana power generation company limited ibm indian bureau of mines icc indian chamber of commerce iea international energy agency imtf interministerial task force inr indian national rupee iwai inland waterway authority of india iwt inland water transport km kilometre. Some of the characteristics of coal have profound influence on the day to day working and economics of the power plant. Pdf effect of moisture in coal on station heat rate and. Simultaneously water level difference was noted to calculate steam generation during the trial period.
Generation cost calculation for 660 mw thermal power plants. Because the energy in the coal is greater than the energy delivered as electricity, the life cycle efficiency is negative. Life cycle assessment of coalfired power production. This raises the possibility that power plant developers will continue to follow the pattern of the 1990s and rely heavily on natural gas plants to meet the need for new power generation with current technology, coal fired power plants using carbon capture equipment are an. Auxiliary power consumption an overview sciencedirect. Coal based thermal power projects norms for operations fy 200914. Expert systems and coal quality in power generation 5 in 2011, approximately 40% of the worlds electricity will be generated from coal. Excellence enhancement centre for indian power sector. This coal is dried in atmosphere and has the lowest amount of moisture. Efficiency improvement of coalfired power stations ee.
Basic economics of power generation, transmission and. The economic impacts and risks associated with electric. This general introductory course provides some basic engineering concepts needed to understand how a coal fired power plant works, followed by a general overview of power plant layout and operating principles. Coal beneficiation technology 2007 initiatives, policies and practices m. Operating costs for power plants include fuel, labor and maintenance costs. From 2030 through 2040, it is the thirdlargest energy source, behind both liquid fuels and natural gas. Calorific value is the most important parameter that determines the economics of the power plant operation. Sustainability assessment of coalfired power plants with.
Ltd, being constructed in hub, balochistan, achieved a major milestone last month when it interconnected with pakistans national grid, subsequently achieving back energization of its 500kv gis from jamshoro side of the transmission lines. Coal also is the most used fossil fuels for producing electricity as we use coal power plant for producing around 40% of the worlds electricity, and we commonly use it in cement. From the energy scenario we see that approximately 57% of energy is. Jun 23, 2015 thus, a balanced integration of the cost analysis module of coal fired power plant and economics needs to be carried out, so that the power plant economic indices of coal fired power plant in terms of total capital investment, operating cost i. Environmental impact of coal utilization in thermal power plant notes that radon is a. Energy content of coal is given in terms of kilojoules kj per kilogram kg of coal as the gross calorific value gcv or the higher heating value hhv of coal. Generation cost calculation for 660 mw thermal power plants vilas s. Effect of moisture in coal on station heat rate and fuel.
The overall coal plant efficiency ranges from 32 % to 42 %. Poor quality coal may not only result in poor efficiency but can also effect the life of power plant. Heating a body of water decreases its dissolved oxygen content, which has the potential to harm animals dependent on it for oxygen. Although coal will remain the mainstay of energy security in india, there will be a fundamental change in the business model of coal based stations. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Effects of moisture in coal on power station performance. However the coal found in india is characterized by low calorific value and high ash content.
Low grade coal used in local power plant without washing washable coal treated by 4 washing lines midlings blended with lowgrade coal for utilization on power station washed coal of different classes selling to coal traders and small power plants coal quality management systems application of coal online analysis coal. In any fuel of power plant coal containing hydrogen calorific value found by calorimeter is higher than that obtainable under most working conditions in power plant boiler practice by an amount equal to the latent heat of vaporization of water. The basic function of the power plant is to convert energy in coal to electricity. Energy performance assessment of boilers bureau of energy efficiency 4. Coal handling plant coal unloading system conveyor system crushing system.
Proximate and ultimate analysis of power plant coal the proximate analysis determines only the fix carbon, volatile matter. The coal fired process requires three different steps to turn energy released from burning coal to generating electricity for consumption. The electricity sector in india had an installed capacity of 232. Preparation and management of flexible operation of fossil based plants will be a critical factor for survival in the changed business environment and will need realignment of strategies. Coal beneficiation technology 2007 initiatives, policies. Coal is an abundant fuel source that is relatively inexpensive to produce and convert to useful energy. The fuzzy logic exert system used readily available plant data to provide advice on the use of the sootblowers. Coalfired power plant principle, diagram and environmental. A uhv 6200 kcal kg gcv 6401 b 6200 uhv kcal kg 5600 6401 gcv 5800. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Coal power plant fundamentals course, august 2017 in denver.
The coal industry not only fuels climate change, it also pollutes our air, water and lands. Energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant h ravi kulkarni 1. The 20 mw coalfired power plant of the china power hub generation company pvt. Yet, power coal washing is not gaining the momentum and coking coal washing is at best limping. Read how coal deepens the global water supply crisis. Natural resources defense council i the equivalent of two large coalfired power plants a week, and u. Effect of moisture in coal on station heat rate and fuel cost. Improving the thermal efficiency of coalfired power. The environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and the use of its products. Cost analysis of a coalfired power plant using the npv method. As coal fired power plants increasingly operate in cycling modes, many plants are confronting the potential for higher levels of component damage and degraded performance of environmental control. Increasing the efficiency of existing coalfired power plants congressional research service one possible approach to achieve fleetwide efficiency improvement might be to follow netls suggestion of using the top decile of cfpp efficiency as a benchmark for the u. Since coal reserves in india is in better situation, thus it is worthwhile studying the impact of coal quality in thermal power plants. Iea clean coal centre coal and gas competition in power generation in asia 8 list of figures figure 1 the historic trend of the electricity generation mix in china between 2000 and 2012 26 figure 2 the representative dispatch graph of various types of power generation plant fleet in 20 26.
The increase in coal effect of moisture in coal on station heat rate and fuel cost for indian thermal. Air dried coal is what is used in the laboratory for analysis. The specification covers scope, design criteria, equipment features, quality. The 400mw plant uses five pulverizers for bituminous and prb cases, and six for lignite. Fuel, operations, and plant design all affect the overall heat rate and carbon emissions of a power plant boiler. Many countries are choosing coal power plants as part of their energy mix to secure their grid while introducing intermittent power sources. In india, the gcv margin used to be 400750 kcalkg, because all the existing plants were designed for a wider energy range to cater for the large proportion of unwashed coal and higher overall ash content value. Major parameters for the analysis of coal are moisture, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon. Extraction steam is the main source of steam supply to this bfpt.
The operating cost required to produce each mwh of electric energy is referred to as the marginal cost. The second meeting of the committee was held in cea, new delhi on 25. Power plants are necessary for the increasing demand of power electricity but operations of these plants have changed air and water quality. Green growth and coal in india the energy and resources. Because the energy in the coal is greater than the energy delivered as. Coalfired power plant coal is a flammable black or a brown sedimentary rock made of organic carbon in addition to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. For a variety of reasons including, particularly, security of supply, it is almost. Report on minimisation of water requirement in coal based thermal power stations 2 system.
If the parasitic energy consumption of a carboncapture plant increases the emissions of one or many of these other air pollutants, this s hould be considered when evaluating the technologys overall sustainability or environmental impact. Cost analysis of a coalfired power plant using the npv. Mills are designed for 77degree c, however, its operation at up to 95 degree c has not affected the reliability of milling plant conclusions continued tubular air heater appears to be an excellent device for high ash low gcv coals. Impact of coal based thermal power plant on environment and.
Operational power plants based impacts on biodiversity to. Envviirroonnmmeennttaall iimmppaaccttss ooff powweerr. Surface mines sometimes called strip mines were the source of about 63% of the coal mined in. The ultimate analysis is useful in determining required air for combustion for power plants coal. Coal fired power plants, while producing power, require a lot of water and produce a lot of pollutants like ash and co2. Chapter 7 coal if we as a nation are to benefit in the future from our enormous, lowcost coal reserves, a variety of efforts are necessary to 1 develop and demonstrate new clean coal technologies. Coal remains the most abundant fossil fuel and can therefore provide a reliable energy source for much of the next century. Coal properties and its influence on boiler pankaj ekbote. Mitigating the effects of flexible operation on coalfired. The focus in these meetings was on reducing plant consumptive water requirement by use of dry cooling system for condenser cooling in thermal power plants.
With coal in the mix, they can provide aroundtheclock power to meet their populations growing needs and deliver stable energy supply to their rising industries. We begin in chapter 1 with an overview of the industry, paying special attention to coal fired power generation. The efficiency is dictated by the parameters of this thermodynamic cycle. These effects, or impacts, can be either temporary or permanent. Gross calorific value an overview sciencedirect topics.
So, the quality of coal is major consideration for the performance of thermal plant. Annexure health impacts of coal fired generation in south. When warm water used to cool a coal power plant is exhausted into bodies of water that harbor life, it becomes thermal pollution which can have negative effects on the ecosystem. The dataset is derived from approximately six months of power plant operations. Therefore, the first thing we should know is how much energy there is in coal. This article discusses calorific value and moisture. Coal is the primary fuel for producing electricity. Energy and exergy analysis of coal fired power plant.
Expert systems and coal quality in power generation. Increasing the efficiency to 35% drops the annual consumption to 3,6 mt, an annual savings of 250 000 t of coal, which at r300t. Cost wise it would tantamount to higher cost of coal rs. Swapan basu, ajay kumar debnath, in power plant instrumentation and control handbook, 2015. The psr report further illustrates the adverse effects of the mining of coal on. Weighed quantities of coal were fed to the boiler during the trial period. International energy outlook 2016 ieo2016 reference case, coal remains the secondlargest energy source worldwide behind petroleum and other liquidsuntil 2030. Environmental impact of the coal industry wikipedia. All major systems in the power plant will be discussed, from coal handling to the switchyard. As a result, cgs typically ran at 50% annual capacity factor until the early 1990s. Audit wishes to acknowledge the co operation received from ntpc limited and ministry of power, government.
Thermalbased power plants can produce electricity from coal or other fuel sources. In the coal based thermal power plants, where the initial process to generate electricity is the handling the huge or tremendous amount of coal. Across the federal sector, this equipment varies greatly in age, size, type, model, fuel used, condition, etc. Being a fossil fuel, it is worthwhile to discuss the effects of its quality and characteristics. However, producing and using coal affects the environment. As a result, for getting a unit amounts of electricity, large amount of pollutants are generated. However, owing to the low gcv, the so2 emissions from indian power stations is 15001800 mgnm3, which is well above the prevalent norms in europe, japan and usa. Secondly, they are focused only on coal fired power generation, and hence do not include other industrial and nonindustrial sources of pollution.
The greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear fission power are much smaller than those associated with coal, oil and gas, and the routine health risks are much smaller than those associated with coal. Till that time coal bills based on gcv are kept in abeyance, the letter written to the chief engineer of dvcs durgapur power station to. The environmental impact of nuclear power results from the nuclear fuel cycle, operation, and the effects of nuclear accidents. Effect of coal quality free download as powerpoint presentation. In larger units, to reduce auxiliary power consumption and better steam utilization, a steam turbine is used to drive bfp in place of a motor. Proximate and ultimate analysis of power plant coal. To compete in such an environment, power plant operators can turn to technology, whether software or hardware, to lower costs. Ensure that the path so planned, is clear for coal movement i. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Strengthening operations and maintenance practices in state. Find out how coal mining harms our landscapes, ecosystems and health. The primary objective of this report is to increase awareness of power plant cycling cost, the use of these costs in renewable integration studies and to stimulate debate between policymakers, system dispatchers, plant personnel and power utilities. A gcv margin 100250 kcalkg is normally provided in the power plant boiler design to take care of coal supply fluctuation. Coal and gas competition in power generation in asia.
Flexibilisationoperation in coal plantsindian scenario. In addition to atmospheric pollution, coal burning produces hundreds of millions of tons of solid waste products annually, including fly ash, bottom ash, and fluegas desulfurization sludge, that contain. A coal based thermal power plant converts the chemical energy of the coal into electrical energy. As an example, using an average heat rate of 12 mjkwh for a mw, 80% availability coal fired power plant using coal rated at 20 mjkg, the efficiency is 30% and the annual coal consumption will be 3,85 mt. Unlike capital costs which are fixed dont vary with the level of output, a plants total operating cost depends on how much electricity the plant produces. A power plant can affect the environment by its construction and by its operation. Accurate and precise calculations are vital to the success of your coal operation. Coal preparation is the removal of undesirable material from the runofmine rom coal by employing separation processes which are able to differentiate between the physical and surface properties of the coal and the impurities. Excellence enhancement centre for indian power sector is an indogerman energy forum established by republic of india and federal republic of germany in 2006 to. As per our corporate office decision, it is not possible to accept gcv band basis coal bill so your are requested to revise all the coal bills as per fsa i. The total number of pulverizers including one spare and their associated power requirement is based on plant size and coal type.
Importance of coal management in a power plant is very much significant and also one of the most critical areas in view of plant operations as well as cost involvement, so it forms an important part of the management process in a power plant. To study the historical operation data of the coal fired power plant. Siddhartha bhatt and others published effect of moisture in coal on station heat rate and fuel cost of indian thermal power plants find, read and cite all the research. These calculations are used to calculate various skeleton parameters including ash and calorific value that let you determine the grades of your coal. How the coal industry fuels climate change greenpeace. The note primarily focuses on managerial and organizational aspects of power plant operation and maintenance and brings out possible interventions in these areas for enhancing power plant performance. Sgs global teams of chemists and experts use a range of coal analytical calculations and indexes to arrive at. An intelligent sootblowing adviser has been developed for a coalfired plant. Impact of indian and imported coal on indian thermal power plants. Air pollution in the vicinity of a coal fired thermal power station affects soil, water, vegetation, the whole ecosystem and human health 10. Gnocis generic no x optimisation control system is the main combustion optimiser used on coal fired plant within the uk. Coal quality management systems coal quality management systems. Understanding coal power plant heat rate and efficiency. Increasing the efficiency of existing coalfired power plants.
Usually coal will be transported to plant through railway wagons if it is a pithead power station t. The drop or difference between the receipt coal gcv and the bunkered coal gcv indicates the drop in gcv at the coal handling plant of the tps which is predominantly due to addition of sm. Coal fired power plants operate on the modified rankine thermodynamic cycle. How to calculate the coal quantity used in a power plant. It is the sm which affects the power plant operations. Figure 2 presents the research framework of this study. Coal properties and its influence on boiler pankaj ekbote ntpc ltd. The efficiency of converting coal into electricity matters. Coal based power accounts for almost 41 % of the worlds electricity generation. Such developments can pose a threat to traditional coal or nuclear power plant operators and even gasfired power plants, particularly as they may prompt a move to a more decentralized energy supply, such as rooftop solar. As of 2010 australia had 34 coal fired power stations in operation or under refurbishment, listed. In this authors opinion, the barriers to the major expansion of coal beneficiation industry and usage of washed coal in india is. In chapter 2, we estimate the effect of a loss of a power plant. Hadagal 3, abstract increasing demand of power has made keen interest of study to improve the efficiency of power plant.