Running an engine on wood gas requires some relatively minor tweaks to the engine air intake system. Zimmermancq interagency agreement doe 14571457al i and fema emw84e1737 werk unit 553521d approved for pubuc release. On the other hand, charcoal contains more energy, so that the range of the car can be extended. To determine the ideal fuel system components for your engine. Historically wood gas generators were often mounted on. Each of these gaseous hydrocarbon fuels has unique characteristics that affect their performance as an internal combustion engine fuel. See the second part of this pdf document page 17 and further. Simulation of fuel demand for woodgas in combustion engine. The keith gasifier is designed to produce a moderate amount of power about 90 hp plenty to move you down the road in a light truck, and still small enough to idle well. In an updraft gasifier, wood enters the gasification chamber from above, falls onto a grate and forms a fuel pile. In fact, the use of wood gas as a fuel is not even restricted to gasoline engines. Chapter 4 jet aircraft fuel and fuel systems the purpose of the aircraft fuel system is to deliver a uniform flow of clean fuel under constant pressure to the engine under all operating conditions.
For vehicles motorized by 2stroke engines, gas can only be used to. The wood gas can then be filtered for tars and sootash particles, cooled and directed to an engine or fuel cell. The exhaust valve opens and the piston rises, expelling the burned gas from the cylinder. The data files are formatted as either commaseparated value files. Huge discounts on parts with free shipping and no tax. Vesa mikkonen is chairman of the association of ecological motorists in finland. Swedish energy agency report small scale gasification. Wood gas as engine fuel, mechanical wood products branch, forest industries division, fao forestry department, 1986, isbn 9251024367 the harmful effect of high and rising oil prices on the economies and development efforts of oilimporting developing countries have become apparent. Benefits include economic stability, national security, environment, and cost. Baker abstract the fuel properties of wood can be summarized by ultimate and proximate analysis and determination of the high heating value.
As a new user it is recommended you use an old engine to practice with while you learn the art of being a wood gas operator. Avoid leaks at all costs because it sounds like you know that fire requires three things. This means that the mixture valve needs to be constantly adjusted to keep the engine operating properly. Stihl ms 271 owners manual, stihl ms 271 instruction manual, stihl ms 291 owners manual, stihl ms 291 instruction manual created date. To ensure good distribution, the fuel must be vaporized completely and mixed with air in the manifold before entering the combustion. Wood gas as engine fuel food and agriculture organization of the. To accomplish this task, the fuel system must be properly maintained. Running a gasoline engine on firewood woodgas biofuel. Wood gas generator for fuelinginternal combustion engines in a petroleu,i emergency ch. The web version can be found on the fao website at wood gas as engine fuel web. Natural gas and other liquid feedstocks for transportation fuels are compared for use in a dualfuel engine. As the engine creates a vacuum in the generator, air and superheated steam are drawn into the hearth ring through a 2 coupling welded to the side of the hearth. Biomass combined heat and power catalog of technologies.
The fuel injection pump is fed with fuel in abundance. Woodgas as a biofuel is useful primarily for the reason of being able to run gasoline engines as im working on here, as well as being easily piped into modern gas systems to run stoves, furnaces. Most of these engines have strict purity requirements of the wood gas, so the gas often has to pass through extensive gas cleaning in order to remove or convert, i. In wood gas as engine f uel fao presents a summary of modern wood gasification technology and the economics of its application to internal combustion engines. Wood gas as engine fuel food and agriculture organization. The excess fuel is bypassed to the intake side of the fuel transfer pump through a relief valve. One of the first things you learn when you get an engine running on wood gas is that every time the fuel pile drops or shifts in the gasifier, it changes the fuel bed porosity, the gas flow, and the fuelair ratio going to the engine. The purpose of this report is to develop detailed, illustrated instructions for the fabrication, installation, and operation of a biomass gasifier unit that is, a producer gas generator, also called a wood gas generator which is capable of providing emergency fuel for vehicles, such as tractors and trucks, in the event that normal. Note that this chart should be used for reference only. Table of conversion factors and symbols used in this manual. Tar occurs when wood oils arent completely turned into wood gas and end up in the engine valve stems as creosote. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the united states government.
In wood gas as engine fuel fao presents a summary of modern wood gasification technology and the economics of its application to internal combustion engines. Construction of a simplified wood gas generator for fueling internal combustion engines in a petroleum emergency by. Wood gas as engine fuel also in html for online viewing by mechanical wood products branch, forest industries division, fao forestry department of the united nations. The fuel and air mixture is commonly premixed in a carburetor. Handbook of boimass downdraft gasifier engine systems by t. It is not valid to list these values for species since a species has not been adequately sampled and tested. The aviation machinists mate ad is responsible for maintaining and. Turn wood into free motor fuel with a wood gasifier.
Wood gas automated mixture control northern self reliance. With either a gasoline or a diesel engine, you are going to be introducing the wood gas into the stock air intake system. And free troubleshooting manuals, kohler parts lookup diagram by model or spec number. Fuel gas, produced by the reduction of coal and peat, was used for heating as early as. Using fuel stabilizer will keep your gas from creating small engine problems. Natural gas is the most popular and widely used of the petroleum gases. Apart from the wood gas included in the title, petrol, methane and lpg were used. Gasification is the process of taking dry biomass or coal and turning it into a flammable gaseous fuel. To supply the fuel from the fuel tank to the engine cylinders, manufacturers use the following methods in case of a petrol engine. He has driven more than 110,000 km on wood gas over the past 15 years, and has encouraged many drivers in finland to build their own wood gas fuel systems. Digester gas also a hydrocarbon and some manufactured gases from coal, which contain hydrocarbons, are also used in engines with varying degrees of success. Construction of a simplified wood gas generator for. Construction of a simplified wood gas generator for fueling.
As you can imagine, waste products like corn cobs, wood chips, and the ever more popular fuel these days wood pellets can be used to make wood gas. All of these solid fuels are composed primarily of carbon with varying amounts of hydrogen. A small gasifier will idle great but at the top end you will run short of power. These instructions have been prepared as a manual for use by any mechanic who is reasonably proficient in metal fabrication or engine repair. The main purpose of the fuel feed system is to control the fuel supply to the engine. The process begins by burning a small amount of fuel very intensely and with insufficient oxygen to complete combustion. Wood gas as engine fuel, mechanical wood products branch, forest industries division, fao forestry department, 1986, isbn 9251024367 the harmful effect of high and rising oil prices on the economies and development efforts of oilimporting. A pdf version can also be found at wood gas as engine fuel pdf 2. This guide provides an understanding of what gaseous fuels are and how they behave when used as fuel for an engine. The airfuel mixture must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. Gasification running engines on wood northern self. The hot carbon dioxide then flows through a charcoal bed and is reduced to carbon monoxide, a flammable gas. Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems nrel.
Carburetor problems cause mower engines not to startthe carburetor regulates how air and fuel move through the engine to power your equipment. Air enters from below the grate and flows up through the fuel pile. Wood fuel properties and fuel products from woods a. Development and test of a new concept for biomass producer gas. Wood gas is a syngas fuel which can be used as a fuel for furnaces, stoves and vehicles in place of gasoline, diesel or other fuels. Charcoal can also be used, but this leads to a 50 percent loss in the available energy contained in the original biomass. When a gasifier is sized to the correct engine, using the charts in the book, then this isnt a problem. The main components of the fuel system in diesel engine are.
Co detectors are essential inside the cab of any vehicle running woodgas as fuel or inside any rooms using woodgas fuelled appliances. A prototype of the gas generator based on these inputs has been built and tested along with a diesel engine pumpset. A huge gasifier might power a heavy truck at speed, but not produce good gas at an idle. Maybe consider a biogas storage membrane or even a weather balloon for tests. Principles gasolinediesel fuel systems od1620 lesson 1task 1 d. The wood cost is an average range of current local market prices. When the fuel is not distributed evenly to all cylinders, the engine will run unevenly and power output will decrease. Pdf effect of woodgas composition on performance and. Texts on different aspects of wood gasification, prepared by specialists, are the basis of this publication. A compressor with a hot head, fuel gas and an air leak is dangerous.
The syngas, also known as producer gas in biomass circles, exits the top of the chamber. Stihl ms 271, 291 owners instruction manual author. When running on wood gas, the engine draws the fuel gas, a mixture of h2, co and inert n2 from the generator, into the intake manifold, and from there, into the engine. First four out of these fuel feed systems work with carburetor while the fuel injection system uses an injector to supply the. Digester gas is the most practical of the manufactured or byproduct group. A wood gas generator is a gasification unit which converts timber or charcoal into wood gas, a syngas consisting of atmospheric nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, traces of methane, and other gases, which after cooling and filtering can then be used to power an internal combustion engine or for other purposes. The simulation allows the determination of engine demand on the given fuel. If it is dirty, that can cause poor engine performance or starting problems. Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems. Chp can increase operational efficiency and decrease energy costs, while reducing the. The fuel for a wood gas car consists of wood or wood chips see picture on the left. The following section covers the rebuilding of a diesel engine, and a gas engine into producer. During the production process biomass or other carboncontaining materials are gasified within the oxygenlimited environment of a wood gas generator to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide.